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[고고학] 中서 4300년 된 고대 도시 발견..대규모 인신공양 만연

송화강 2019-09-26 (목) 23:47 6년전 14887

http://m.blog.daum.net/hdjmgctk/2449?categoryId=0 (7740)

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4300년전 황성터는 고조선 건국연대와 유사.

목이 잘린 유골은 전쟁 포로였을 가능성

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中서 4300년 된 고대 도시 발견..대규모 인신공양 만연

입력 2018.08.27. 14:36

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This figure shows images of the step pyramid. a) part of the stone buttresses of the second and the third steps of the pyramid; b) eye symbols that decorate the pyramid c) a view of the buttresses under excavation; d) a general view of the pyramid before excavation. Credit: Zhouyong Sun and Jing Shao

중국에서 약 4300년 된 고대 도시를 발견했다는 연구논문이 발표돼 화제가 되고 있다.

영국 일간 데일리메일 등 외신은 24일(현지시간) 중국 산시성 위린 선무(神木)현에 있는 스마오(石峁) 유적을 소개했다.

The ancient city of Shimao, showing the central 'pyramid' (blue), the inner defensive wall (red) and the outer wall of the city (green). Picture: Zhouyong Sun and Jing Shao

1976년 처음 발견된 스마오 유적은 초기에 작은 마을로 여겨졌지만, 2011년부터 대대적인 발굴 조사가 이뤄지면서 황성(皇城·황제가 있는 나라의 수도)이었던 것으로 밝혀졌다.

특히 이번 조사에서는 황토로 된 고지대에 피라미드식 층단이 만들어져 있고 그 위에 목조로 된 황궁이 있었던 것으로 밝혀졌다. 11층으로 된 층단의 높이는 최소 70m에 달해 당시 내성 밖 거주지는 물론 외성 밖 시골 지역에서도 황궁의 모습을 볼 수 있었다. 이는 황제의 권위를 상징하는 것이라고 한다.

A sacrificial pit of human skulls discovered at Shimao. The people sacrificed may have been captives captured in war. This photo was first published in 2016 in an article in the Chinese language journal Kaogu yu wenwu. Credit: Photo courtesy Zhouyong Sun and Jing Shao

또 연구팀은 유적지에서 대규모 인신공양의 흔적을 발견했다. 총 6개의 구덩이에서 유골이 나왔는데 외성 근처에 있는 구덩이에는 목이 잘려 죽은 것으로 추정되는 두개골이 가득했다.

이뿐만 아니라 다른 곳에서도 유골과 제물이 발견됐다. 발견된 유물들은 중국 신석기 시대 만기인 롱산(龍山)문화 끝무렵부터 하(夏)나라 초기까지의 문화를 보여준다.

이에 대해 연구팀은 “이번 연구는 기원전 2000년까지 중원이 아니라 황토로 된 고지대가 정치적, 경제적 중심지를 대표하는 복잡한 사회의 중심지였음을 보여준다”면서 “중원 문명과 관련한 청동기 후기 시대의 핵심적인 상징들은 사실 스마오에서 훨씬 더 일찍 만들어진 것으로 밝혀졌다”고 말했다.

사진=Antiquity

자세한 연구 결과는 영국 고고학 학술지 ‘앤티쿼티’(Antiquity) 22일자에 실렸다.

윤태희 기자 th20022@seoul.co.kr

https://news.v.daum.net/v/20180827143604465

※※ 사진 하단 영문 캡션은 아래 기사의 것을 게시자가 보완한 것임

https://www.heraldsun.com.au/technology/science/pyramid-of-eyes-discovered-at-heart-of-4300yearold-city-in-northern-china/news-story

The Shimao Site in Shenmu County, Shaanxi

997E0A475B8761E631829E

9953AC375B8763823BCDF8

Loess landscape near Hunyuan, Shaanxi Province, China. (Till Niermann/ CC BY SA 3.0 )

https://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-places-asia/shimao-city-ruins-massive-prehistoric-site-rewrites-chinese-history-008685

99D81D3E5B8765E212A787

998EC83E5B8765E226E739

https://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-places-asia/shimao-city-ruins-massive-prehistoric-site-rewrites-chinese-history-008685

99E1154B5B87678A1B2E01

Shaanxi Province(위키백과)

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서울신문

99EE87505B89E7AC09E2F6

99B4B0465B89E84A106376

https://m.blog.naver.com/PostView.nhn?blogId=kmoon0922&logNo=221051330315&proxyReferer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.co.kr%2F

단군 신화는 분명 시베리아 숲에서 들어왔다고 보기 힘들다. 그 신화의 내용을 보면 환웅과 그 무리는 선진 문명의 세계에서 이주해 왔다. 그들은 세계를 조직적으로 다스린 경험이 있는 사람들이었다. 따라서 환웅 세력이떠나온 곳은 적어도 주변보다 나은 문명권이어야 한다. 기원전 24세기경의 상황을 고려하면 시베리아보다는 황하 중류의 앙소문화 지역이 그러한 조건에 더 부합한다.

-정형진, <수시아나에서 온 환웅>

https://m.blog.naver.com/PostView.nhn?blogId=jsyoum&logNo=100160724091&proxyReferer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.co.kr%2F

Volume 92, Issue 364
August 2018 , pp. 1008-1022

When peripheries were centres: a preliminary study of the Shimao-centred polity in the loess highland, China

Li Jaang ^(a1), Zhouyong Sun ^(a2), Jing Shao ^(a2) and Min Li ^(a3)
- https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2018.31
- Published online: 22 August 2018

Abstract

S0003598X18000315_figAb.jpeg?pub-status=live

Chinese civilisation has long been assumed to have developed in the Central Plains in the mid to late second millennium BC. Recent archaeological discoveries at the Bronze Age site of Shimao, however, fundamentally challenge traditional understanding of ‘peripheries’ and ‘centres’, and the emergence of Chinese civilisation. This research reveals that by 2000 BC, the loess highland was home to a complex society representing the political and economic heartland of China. Significantly, it was found that Later Bronze Age core symbols associated with Central Plains civilisations were, in fact, created much earlier at Shimao. This study provides important new perspectives on narratives of state formation and the emergence of civilisation worldwide.

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*Author for correspondence (Email: lijaangchina@gmail.com)

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